tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1634074270402896392024-02-08T12:31:22.478-08:00Grant St. Commune jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-87724320991976456312013-05-03T20:06:00.002-07:002013-05-03T20:06:23.442-07:00Ramps<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On Wednesday
afternoon I took a short drive to Shelburne Vermont, accompanied by a couple
friends. We were searching for ramps. This springtime edible can be found in
many places around Vermont and has a pungent odor. It tastes a little like a
cross between an onion and garlic; the taste is almost as strong as the smell.
Ramps go well with just about everything from pizza to eggs. It is especially delicious
if made into pesto as a basil substitute. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>While
you can find it at City Market it is far more rewarding to find yourself. It
addition to the adventure, the woods are a relaxing place to spend a warm and
sunny afternoon. The forest was blooming with spring wildflowers. There must
have been thousands of white trillium intermixed with patches of ramps. In
addition there were a large number of bright yellow trout lilies. For the
briefest period this forest floor is awash with color. In just a matter of
weeks the trees leaf out and take all the light away. It is amazing how these
early spring plants capitalize on this opportunity, an intriguing adaptation. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
ramps grow in clusters. While there were a large number of them, it is
important to only harvest a couple from each patch to ensure that they persist
and survive another year. The plant has two green leaves and a reddish stem
that ends in a white bulb. I brought a pocket knife and dug each one out,
careful to preserve the bulb. While many experienced foragers say they are not
quite ready, they still taste pretty good. Near just about every patch of ramps
grew raspberries. They were just beginning to form real leaves and carried a
whitish sheen on their stems. It is interesting that as one edible leaves
another will arrive. This particular patch of forest seems quite bountiful.</div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-59796899717457128862013-04-17T13:55:00.001-07:002013-04-17T13:55:51.502-07:00Project-continued<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Study area description: demographics, target,
current status.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Data sets: Apendix, tables</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Model Overview: purpose, how it works, scenarios</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Technical Overview</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It took
a considerable amount of time to install ArcGIS onto the computer. Part of the
problem was forgetting to connect to the VPN the other issue was establish the
license through arc administrator. Once installed everything worked well;
except the spatial analyst tools. I attempted to install the service pack to
fix the issues but that didn’t seem to work. I put aside the spatial analyst
component and began by adding layers and importing them through ArcCatalog. I
then converted the raster layers to pyramids and put the vector layers into a
file geodatabase. I created two geodatabases to store my data. One was created
as a workspace, while the other was created to hold more refined layers. All of
the data, downloads and manipulated files, are kept in one folder on my
external hard drive. Organization is one of the biggest challenges and
certainly essential to success. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Next I
put everything into Arc Map. I changed the projections all to VT State Plane
NAD83. I also converted the county boundaries into raster format. This was
fairly simple; it required opening the polygon to raster tool and placing the
vector layer in. I added a new data frame to hold the initial layers. To do
this open the insert menu and select new data frame; I labeled it as old data. In
addition as I continued to process layers I attempted to keep only the newest
and most relevant in the active data frame. The relative level of layers stayed
the same in the active data frame. The other data frame accumulated quite a few
layers due to all the intermediate steps and trial and error. When I left my
computer for a couple hours ArcMap stopped working when the vpn disconnected, I
lost a little bit of work. When I returned I enabled the spatial analyst using
the “customize” menu then “extensions”. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then I
used Euclidean distance to get the distance to roads. It allowed the conversion
of a vector road layer into raster format. It seemed to work alright; however,
I wasn’t able to clip it and the number of categories and classifications
seemed really weird. After much trial and error I still wasn’t able to clip the
layer correctly. I used the environments- processing extent (raster counties)
and snapped to raster counties. The result was a rectangular shape. After
researching I decided to use “extract by mask” to essentially clip the layer. Essentially
this tool is like placing a mask on a piece of paper and only removing the area
covered by the mask. By putting the layer into “in_raster” that you want to
extract from, and placing the mask layer into “in_mask_data” the raster layer
is restricted to the desired <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>area. I
used the extract by mask tool for three layers: land use in 1992, land use in
2001, and the distance to roads (raster) layer. For all three of the processes
I used the raster county layer as the input for “in_mask_data”. The land use
layers were for the entire Champlain Valley. The “extract by mask” tool allowed
the left border to be restricted to Vermont’s western border. Finally I
classified the distance to roads with equal distance. I arbitrarily created 16
different intervals to show a greater and more specified range. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I added
a natural areas layer from ANR, into ArcCatalog. This layer consisted of a
series of state designated areas that typically consist of some wild area. I
used the conversion tool “polygon to raster”. The input layer was the natural
areas polygon, set to the extent of the raster county boundaries. I sent the
output to the VLT.gbd. On Tuesday April 9<sup>th</sup> I received a forwarded
message from Chris at the Vermont Land Trust. The data I had been waiting for
finally came. This data should easily fit into the current model. In ArcMap the
data is in polygon format, I used the tool polygon to raster to convert the
data. Then I converted it to tiff format and exported it to the new data frame.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Next I
began working on a model in Dinamica for transition matrices. Right away I was
unsure how to move the data from ArcMap to Dinamica. After meeting with my
professor, things began to make more sense. I found out that I needed to convert
all the layers to tif. I created a new data frame to hold the tif layers and
remain as organized as possible. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The new
data frame was labeled as To_Dinamica. Each layer and variable was converted to
tiff format in order to be used in Dinamica. Next I opened a transition matrix
model. I altered the “save single step matrix” and “save multi step matrix” so
they would save in a new folder in my hard drive. These were saved using the
functor “save lookup table”. Once the file path was established to the folder
“transition matrix” I was able to import the landuse.tif from 1992 and
landuse.tif from 2001. These were imported using the functor “load categorical
map”. I set the number of iterations to 9. This is the number of years between
2001 and 1992 and the number of repetitions the model requires. Next I ran the
model and saved the data. The output from “save multi step matrix” identifies
the significant transitions. It compounds the data from year to year and it
will be this information that is used in the next step. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By altering the Weights of Evidence model from
an example (Figure 1), I can incorporate the two land use matrices and static
variables. In the “load categorical map” functors the land use maps from 1992
and 2001. One major way the model is different is that the static variables
will not be stacked. This will result in more “load map” functors and
additional “name static_var” functors. The “name static_var” will be held
within the “Determine Weights of Evidence” container/functor. I will use slope,
elevation, distance to roads, biomass, and Vermont Land Trust Properties as the
static variables. I used 4 load map functors to add the first four of these
static variables. The Vermont Land Trust layer required a load categorical map
because the data is categorical. In addition 5 name maps were added under
“determine weights of evidence ranges” and under “determine weights of evidence
coefficients”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once all the functors
were loaded, each <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>static variable was
connected to a name map within each of the boxes. Each map should have two
connections. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of the name maps must
be labeled the same in both boxes. Additionally they should be labeled
corresponding to the data they are connected to. (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ADD FIGURE AND SCREEN SHOT)</b> </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>An
issue came up where Dinamica reported that the static variable was not working
with the current format. Essentially the number of rows and columns in the
static variables didn’t match the expected rows and columns based on the land
use maps. After spending a considerable length of time with my professor
assessing the potential problems and the meaning of the difference of columns
and rows, an idea came to me. All of the static variables were processed to the
boundaries of the state: however, the land use maps were restricted to the Lake
Champlain basin on the Vermont side. Of course I forgot that I wrote this in my
notes. I completely redid the model, and strayed from the example. After
reconstructing the entire model functor by functor I recalled that the layers
were not set to the same extent. I used extract by mask and restricted the
layers to the extent of the land use maps. I had to manually adjust the rows
and columns on the data acquired from VLT. This changed the raster cell size
slightly; however, it didn’t seem to make a significant difference in the
execution of the model.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Results/Discussion</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2-1
(Agriculture to Urban)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2-8
(agriculture to urban-open)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3-1 (Brush
to Urban)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3-2 (Brush
to agriculture)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3-4 (Brush
to forest)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4-3 (forest
to brush)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Some that
may be important but not significant: 2-4 (agriculture to forest), 4-1 (Forest
to Urban), 4-2 (forest to agriculture)</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Appendices</span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Table 1</b></div>
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BoundaryCounty_CNTYBNDS</div>
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Statewide</div>
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Polygon</div>
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VT State Plane Meters
NAD83</div>
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VCGI</div>
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Basic outline of
counties</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LandLandcov_LCLU </span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Statewide</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.8pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
VCGI</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Breakdown of land use
in VT</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
TransRoad_RDSMAJ1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
State</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
1500</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.8pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
VTRANS</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Vermont Roads by class</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
USGS National Elevation
Dataset (NED) 30 M DEM</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
State</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
30 m raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Vermont State Plane
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.8pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
VCGI</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
30M DEM, elevation</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LandLandcov_LCLULCB01 </span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Champlain Basin</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
30 m raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Vermont State Plane
NaD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.8pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
UVM</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Landuse in champlain
basin (2001)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LandLandcov_LCLULCB92 </span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Champlain Basin</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
30 m raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Vermont State Plane
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.8pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
UVM</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Landuse in Champlain
basin (1992)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EcologicHabitat_NATAREAS </span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.2pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
State</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Poly</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.5pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
Vermont State Plane
NAD83</div>
</td>
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ANR</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Natural areas
designated by the state (33 of em, various characteristics)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">VLT_Property</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></div>
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State</div>
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Poly</div>
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NAD83</div>
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VLT</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.6pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 3.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vermont land
trust property</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Table 2</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span>Figure 1: Biomass</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: red; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="color: red;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 2: elevation</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 3: Land Use 2001</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 4: Land Use 1992</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 5: Distance to Roads</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 6: Slope</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 7: Vermont Land Trust data</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure 8: Dinamica, Lesson 6 Flow Chart</div>
<br />
<br />jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-49145802612739980852013-04-04T09:39:00.001-07:002013-04-04T09:39:00.766-07:00method/project_update<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It took
a considerable amount of time to install ArcGIS onto the computer. Part of the
problem was forgetting to connect to the VPN the other issue was establish the
license through arc administrator. Once installed everything worked well; except
the spatial analyst tools. I attempted to install the service pack to fix the
issues but that didn’t seem to work. I put aside the spatial analyst component
and began by adding layers and importing them through ArcCatalog. I then
converted the raster layers to pyramids and put the vector layers into a file
geodatabase. I created two geodatabases to store my data. One was created as a
workspace, while the other was created to hold more refined layers. All of the
data, downloads and manipulated files, are kept in one folder on my external hard
drive. Organization is one of the biggest challenges and certainly essential to
success. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Next I
put everything into Arc Map. I changed the projections all to VT State Plane
NAD83. I also converted the county boundaries into raster format. This was
fairly simple; it required opening the polygon to raster tool and placing the
vector layer in. I added a new data frame to hold the initial layers. In
addition as I continued to process layers I attempted to keep only the newest
and most relevant in the active data frame. The relative level of layers stayed
the same in the active data frame. The other data frame accumulated quite a few
layers due to all the intermediate steps and trial and error. When I left my
computer for a couple hours ArcMap stopped working when the vpn disconnected, I
lost a little bit of work. When I returned I enabled the spatial analyst using
the “customize” menu then “extensions”. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then I
used Euclidean distance to get the distance to roads. It allowed the conversion
of a vector road layer into raster format. It seemed to work alright; however,
I wasn’t able to clip it and the number of categories and classifications
seemed really weird. After much trial and error I still wasn’t able to clip the
layer correctly. I used the environments- processing extent (raster counties)
and snapped to raster counties. The result was a rectangular shape. After
researching I decided to use “extract by mask” to essentially clip the layer. Essentially
this tool is like placing a mask on a piece of paper and only removing the area
covered by the mask. By putting the layer into “in_raster” that you want to
extract from, and placing the mask layer into “in_mask_data” the raster layer is
restricted to the desired <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>area. I used
the extract by mask tool for three layers: land use in 1992, land use in 2001,
and the distance to roads (raster) layer. For all three of the processes I used
the raster county layer as the input for “in_mask_data”. The land use layers
were for the entire Champlain Valley. The “extract by mask” tool allowed the
left border to be restricted to Vermont’s western border. Finally I classified
the distance to roads with equal distance. I arbitrarily created 16 different
intervals to show a greater and more specified range.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In The Future:</b></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>While I
am still waiting on data from VLT I may use a protected areas layer to proceed.
This way I could build the model and experiment with various components. When I
get the VLT data I can simply substitute it for the other data. As of now I
have got all my data into ArcMap. It is all in the same projection, datum,
raster, same cell size and clipped to the same extent. Theoretically all my
data is ready to go and be entered into the model. The next step will certainly
be difficult, because I am more comfortable with ArcGIS than Dinamica. The
other major challenge is that ArcGIS has an abundance of online help, while
Dinamica only has an email list. I may also need to find land use data on the
entire state. This could be difficult.</div>
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Try using the functor “determine Transition matricies” and
placing the two different years of Lake Champlain land use into it. 1992 should
connect to the initial landscape port and 2001 should connect to the Final
landscape port. The result should be a single step and multi step matrix. The
number of time steps should correspond to the number of years. This would mean
2001-1992 = 9.</div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-28929359147215090512013-03-25T14:27:00.002-07:002013-03-25T14:27:43.481-07:00Land Use in Vermont<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="tab-stops: 371.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="tab-stops: 371.25pt;">
<u>Motivation:</u></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
am a senior at the University of Vermont studying environmental studies with a
concentration in ecology and conservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I am taking the course Ecosystems Ecology and completing an independent
study project as my senior capstone focusing on ecology and environment. The
purpose of this experience, as the final step of my education, is to expose me
to issues and skills required in the environmental field. I am incredibly
passionate about conservation and I am interested in applying my GIS expertise
in a project on this topic. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Project Concept:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My project will look at the
impacts of conservation on carbon storage. I intend to look at changes in land
use and land cover over the last ~30 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I propose focusing on the Vermont Land Trust and its influence on Vermont’s
landscape. The following work schedule and results will follow:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Collect land cover and land use change and GIS
data from VLT, VT state agencies and other sources. Download the 30 meter
resolution aboveground carbon map from the Woods Hole Research Center for later
use in the carbon estimates. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>I will use the modeling platform Dinamica to
simulate historical land use change across Vermont. I can then run the model
with and without the Vermont Land Trust to see how conversation has influenced
changes in land cover and land use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>I will use a simple carbon model to estimate
carbon storage on VLT areas. I will also estimate carbon storage using the
historical simulation of land use in the absence of the VLT. The difference in
these estimates is the additional carbon stored due to conservation. This can
be modeled for each county and turned into a cartographically pleasing display.
A large percentage of the population will be able to easily interpret the data
in this format.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
next step is to meet with Vermont Land Trust in order to assess their needs and
receive feedback on this proposal. It will be important to determine the
quality of data and what can be achieved using it. Any questions can be
answered, such as: Is the project interesting? , How can it be changed? , What
land use changes are most important or significant?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
BoundaryCounty_CNTYBNDS</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Statewide</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Polygon</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
VT State Plane Meters NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
VCGI</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Basic outline of counties</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LandLandcov_LCLU </span></strong></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Statewide</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
VCGI</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Breakdown of land use in VT</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ImageryPhotos_NAIP</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Statewide</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
VCGI</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
National Biomass and Carbon Dataset</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Country (state)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
30 m Raster</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Albers conic equal area</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Woods Hole</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use for carbon estimates</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
TransRoad_RDSMAJ1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
State</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1500</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
NAD83</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
VTRANS</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Vermont Roads by class</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.65pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.0pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 140.0pt;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.95pt;" valign="top" width="101">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>To Do</u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Get layers downloaded and organized in a folder.
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Download ArcGIS and Arc Catalog (may need a
code)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Find papers on land use or some way to justify a
formula.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Also find and summarize model, provide justification.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Flowchart of the model and how it may function.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Identify missing layers and challenging
components.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Check in with Gillian </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hybrid analytic-heuristic </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I think I should probably use 3-4
potential land-use categories: residential, commercial, industrial, other? Some
variables (or primary drivers of land use conversion) to consider are: Distance
to roads, proximity to existing land use (urban, residiential, commercial), proximity
to other protected areas, private vs. public land, proximity to population
centers, finally biophysical components ( soil, slope, vegetation, etc.). “From
1970 to 1980, there was a 35.2% increase in the number of housing units, but
the population grew only by 15%. Likewise, from 1980 to 1990, there was a 21.5%
increase in the number of housing units, while the population increased by only
10% (U.S. Bureau of the Census).” <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html">http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>First use WofE method, then put
the results into the GA tool. Set the WofE coefficient to zero for variables
that are spatially dependent (I don’t really understand why).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spatially dependent variables are things like
soils and vegetation. In the example they set crossover to 0.7 and mutation to
0.01. Population size to 100. Generations to 30. Activated convergence stopping
criterion, defined by convergence limit of 0.99 (page 11, <a href="https://webmail.uvm.edu/imp/view.php?ajaxui=1&actionID=view_attach&id=2&uid=10933&mailbox=SU5CT1g&uniq=1361378219394"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%;">https://webmail.uvm.edu/imp/view.php?ajaxui=1&actionID=view_attach&id=2&uid=10933&mailbox=SU5CT1g&uniq=1361378219394</span></a>)
I believe I should take the output from the GA tool and put it into a two way
similarity test. From there I could even predict how land use may change down
the road. This would utilize an almost identical model. Finally I will have to
calculate the amount of carbon sequestered (above and/or below ground) by VLT.
I am unsure of how to accomplish this last step.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">LAND USE</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
Chittenden County the years 1971 to 1990 experienced more growth in Vermont
than from 1950 to 1970 or 1991 to 2010. From 1990 to 2008 the majority of
residential development was on large lots in rural areas. In 1970 there were
just over 20,000 structures in Chittenden County, by 1990 there were over 35,000
and in 2005 there were over 44,000 structures. Roughly a third of the county’s
growth from 1950 until 2005 was in suburban areas. By 2005 24 % of the county’s
structures were in suburban areas. There was an increase in structures in all
sectors of Chittenden County. There was a greater increase of structures in
rural areas than transportation areas. “<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1950, over 55% of structures in
Chittenden County were located in the Metro Planning Area (mostly in Burlington
and Winooski). By 2005, that percentage had fallen to about 35%. In the same
time period, the </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">percentage of county structures located in the Rural
Planning Area grew from about 18% to almost 29%, and the percentage in the
Suburban Planning Area grew from a little over 7% to almost 24%.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://ecosproject.com/sites/default/files/documents/Historic%20Development%20and%20Future%20Land%20Use%20Transportation%20Analysis%20Draft%202.pdf">http://ecosproject.com/sites/default/files/documents/Historic%20Development%20and%20Future%20Land%20Use%20Transportation%20Analysis%20Draft%202.pdf</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">QUESTIONS</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Can the patcher function be set up to capture
the average size of a timber cut in VT? Is this the best way to use the patcher
functor, or what I should be interested in></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>How many variables should I use and what are the
most important?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Is the Hybrid-Analytic Heuristic model or
Cellular Automata model a better fit? Is the GA tool necessary?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>What parts of the Wood Hole layer do I need?
When I tried to download the file there was a lot of stuff and no good
descriptions or metadata.</div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-14929022397622850742013-03-14T10:00:00.001-07:002013-03-14T10:00:04.572-07:00Jekyll Island<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Over
break I went to Georgia for a Frisbee tournament. We had Monday off so we
headed to Jekyll Island. This beautiful and ecologically astounding island is
just off the coast of Georgia. Parts of it are developed while other areas are
kept relatively free of human use. We ventured into a beautiful beach that was
bordered by forest. The erosive forces of salt water and wind have left unique
driftwood formations. All along the beach are dead upright trees worn smooth by
the weather; they still have their roots buried in the sand and give the beach
an eerie look. The forest is slowly being lost to the beach, each year more of
the trees succumb. As we entered the forest the winds died away and an entirely
new community surrounded us. There were a variety of southern pines including:
Pitch pine, longleaf pine and slash pine. Beneath the pines the understory is
dominated by saw-palmettos, which is a native species. They thrive underneath
the pines and crowd out almost all other species. Some palmettos are estimated
to be between 500-700 years old. As one moves further into the forest there is
an increasing number of live oak trees. These oaks do not have the
characteristic leaf of northern oaks. Instead they have an elongated oval leaf
that remains green all year long. One of the most stunning parts of the live
oaks is the Spanish moss draped over every branch. It gives the forest an old
and wise look. The bird diversity is noticeably greater in the oak forest as
compared to the pines. Based on the enormous number of bug bites I got I assume
the birds have plenty to eat. </div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-75855415986450707482013-02-21T18:00:00.000-08:002013-02-21T18:00:26.602-08:00Test Questions1) As rain clouds move east off the western coast of the United States they come into contact with massive mountains. Explain the weather phenomena that results and on which side of the mountain you would find moisture loving plants.<br />
<br />
2) Leaving metals outside exposes them to a variety of elements, after awhile they tend to rust. Is this chemical or physical weathering. Explain.<br />
<br />
3) Of the three textures of soil which is best used to line a landfill in order to prevent leaching? For placing under a foundation?jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-2695399661730078762013-02-12T15:09:00.002-08:002013-02-12T15:09:18.729-08:00No More Northeast<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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I read the USGCRP report on the Northeast and how climate
change will impact this region. </div>
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Winter precipitation is expected to see an increase in
rain and a decrease in snow. The snow will melt earlier in the spring, which
means earlier peak river flows. Overall the snow season is expected to be cut
in half in the northern states of this region. This is terrible news for the
ski industry and the devoted skiers. Additionally summers are expected to be
longer and hotter.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>With
the change in climate there will be a shift of tree species. Generally the
species at their southern limits will retreat north. Tree species that exist
just south of the northeast will take advantage and move north. This means that
there will be less fir and spruce species, which are already restricted to
alpine and northern zones. Maple, a symbol of Vermont, will be moving north as
well. This has economic implications, both for sugaring and tourism. Trees will
not be the only species to migrate; other plants and animals will be forced to
move north or to higher elevations as temperatures rise. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
dairy industry accounts for $3.6 billion in the northeast’s economy. An
increase in temperature causes stress in the cows which results in lower milk
production; in some states milk production could be reduced as much as 20
percent. The report mentions that this could be a serious underestimation of
the economic downturn farmers may experience. Additionally this will subtract
from the traditional scenery of the northeast. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The heavily
populated coast is threatened by sea level rises and could result in catastrophic
damage. Insurers are hesitant to insure coastal homeowners. New York City is
especially vulnerable to flooding; one would imagine that such a prosperous
city would begin planning for the worst.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Finally
the fisheries, which are already threatened, are facing increasing pressure
from rising temperatures. I grew up fishing off the coast of Massachusetts, and
traveling along the New Hampshire and Maine coastline. It would be a
devastating blow to lose the fishing industry. It is an integral part of New
England life. Almost everything that defines the Northeast is threatened by the
rising temperatures. If everyone in the world had access to reports like this
it might make a significant difference. When the impacts of climate change are
explicitly laid out in relation to your home it makes a huge difference. If
people took this to heart, there could be amazing changes. At this point
drastic actions must be taken. Perhaps the most viable is to annex Canada and
move north. </div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-76834821965614592722013-02-07T10:44:00.000-08:002013-02-07T10:44:09.173-08:00Largest organism in the world<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><img alt="http://www.mushroomexpert.com/images/nadon/nadon_armillaria_ostoyae_01.jpg" class="decoded" src="http://www.mushroomexpert.com/images/nadon/nadon_armillaria_ostoyae_01.jpg" /> </span>(Kuo, 2008) (Armillaria ostoyae, honey mushroom)</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Underneath
the surface of the earth is an array of microorganism and fungi that drive
decomposition, recycle nutrients and literally shape the earth. It is far too
easy to overlook the role that these organisms play in our everyday life. Even
gardeners often overlook the white strands that help form soil aggregates. The
white strands are the “body” of the mushroom, also known as mycelium. Mycelium
is a colony of genetically identical single celled organisms that combine to
form hyphae. The thing strands grow dense and form a mycelia mat; these
organisms excrete enzymes to break down and digest organic matter. (Casselman,
2007)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
1998 a species of honey mushroom (Armillaria ostoyae) was discovered in
Oregon’s Blue Mountains. It is the largest known organism in the world. The
honey mushroom covers 956 hectares and is thought to be about 2400 years old.
This particular fungus was discovered by scientists measuring the boundaries of
fungi. When they didn’t find the edge the first year it was clear they had
found a giant fungus. Using genetic testing scientists were able to determine
that the organism was all derived from the same organism. This particular
mushroom is a parasitic fungus that has killed the forest above it many times
over. Many foresters pay close attention to parasitic fungi because they are concerned
that they could destroy valuable timber stands. This species infects the roots
of conifers. Despite the potential economic woes, this mushroom serves many
ecological functions. It helps recycle nutrients, kills the weaker trees and
allows for new plants to colonize the open areas. Additionally it helps build
soils and encourages various levels of succession within the forest. (Casselman,
2007)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Armillaria
ostoyae is found growing at the base of coniferous trees. This mushroom can be
identified by the brown color and dark brown scales on the cap. The cap ranges
from 3 to 20cm and is typically convex to flat. Gills are white and the spores
are also white. A spore print can be taken by removing the cap and placing it
underneath a bowl on an index card for approximately 6 to 12 hours. This is
generally considered an edible species; however, there are reports of bad
reactions among some people. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Kuo, 2008)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Works Cited </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Casselman, Anne. "Strange but
True: The Largest Organism on Earth Is a Fungus: Scientific American." <i>Strange
but True: The Largest Organism on Earth Is a Fungus: Scientific American</i>.
Scientific American, 4 Oct. 2007. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kuo, Michael. "Armillaria
Ostoyae (MushroomExpert.Com)." <i>Armillaria Ostoyae (MushroomExpert.Com)</i>.
Mushroomexpert.com, Feb. 2008. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. </span></div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-37462071532485021662013-01-31T07:37:00.001-08:002013-01-31T07:37:30.880-08:00Biochar<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Biochar
seems an appropriate subject considering the curriculum this week is on soils
and minerals. Recently biochar has been marketed as a soil amendment by many gardening
companies. It is something that can occur naturally in soils around the world.
Biochar is the result of burning vegetation in low heat in the absence or
reduction of oxygen. This has been an agricultural practice in the Amazon for
over 2000 years. The result of the burning is an extremely dark charcoal like
substance with amazing properties. It is capable of sequestering carbon and has
an enormous number of pores. These pores enable it to better hold nutrients and
water, making it an ideal soil amendment. Corporations have recognized this and
are selling it to home gardeners. Many scientists are interested in the
potential to store carbon in the soil. There is promising research surrounding
biochar. One estimate suggests we could store 2.2 gigatons of carbon a year by
2050 using biochar. That would be a substantial amount of carbon in our battle
against climate change. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
http://www.biochar-international.org/biochar </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>During
my first year at the University of Vermont I participated in the greening of
Aiken internship. This provided me with a great opportunity to work with a wide
array of talented teachers. We broke off into smaller groups to tackle the
various problems associated with the renovation. I chose to work in the living
machine group. Under the supervision of Matt Beam, the graduate student who
designed the machine, we began testing. Our goal was to solve a common issue
with living machines: the inability to filter ecoli. We acquired our effluent
and set up a series of filters. All of the filters were run with aquarium
pumps, through a 5 gallon bucket, tubing and back down a bright red funnel. The
first was a control that just pumped water in a loop. The second was a biochar
filter. A third filter was set up with oyster mushrooms grown on cardboard. In
the final filter we combined the biochar with oyster mushrooms. By far the most
successful filter was the mushroom and biochar filter. The oysters seemed
incredibly healthy growing on the biochar. It was amazing to see the level of
success produced by this all natural filter. Since this experiment I have been
encouraged to seek out more natural solutions to problems. These solutions are
gaining popularity across the globe and are especially popular in the field of
biomimicry. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-80841030755599188162013-01-24T10:52:00.001-08:002013-01-24T10:53:33.534-08:00Island Time<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
have been reading "The Song Of The Dodo: Island Biogeography In An Age of
Extinctions" by David Quammen. The primary focus of this book is
extinction on Islands, especially in regards to Madagascar. It begins by
outlining the means by which islands are populated. Some of the methods of colonization
include wind dispersal, floating, past land bridges, and flying. Once on the
island the species must find a way to establish itself and breed. This can be
an incredibly difficult task, especially for large mammals. Typically the
larger and older islands have higher biodiversity. Madagascar is both
relatively large and old. It exhibits incredibly high diversity and the species
differ significantly from mainland Africa. The classic savannah animals, such
as lions, giraffes, and antelope are all absent from Madagascar. On the other
hand they have an incredibly high diversity of Lemurs, a species only found on
Madagascar. This high diversity is under a variety of threats both from human
and non-human sources. Islands typically face much higher extinction pressure,
which is drastically elevated by climate change. Madagascar has a variety of
unique habitat types that are separated by natural boundaries. These divides
combined with deforestation have led to isolated and diverse populations. Many
of the species are highly specialized, unable to survive anywhere else in the
world. The smaller the niche a species occupies the greater chance that it will
go extinct. In Madagascar even a small amount of warming can lead to
devastating changes in the ecology. When one species passes it can lead to a
series of trophic cascades, with unforeseen consequences. (Quammen)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
an article entitled “Climate Change Adaptation Capacity” it states that
Madagascar is one of the lowest carbon emitting countries on the planet. Regrettably
this country faces disproportional consequences from climate change. Seventy
five percent of their economy is based on natural resources. Most of the
population is poor and as sea levels rise and resources decline it will be
difficult to survive. Few of the residents are equipped with scientific
knowledge or skills to mitigate climate change. In 2005 warm water bleaching occurred
damaging eighty percent of the coral on the northeast coast. This country is in
dire need of help from the outside world. In attempting to help this country it
will be important to consider the culture and livelihoods of the inhabitants.
Working in conjunction with residents will be essential to the success of
climate adaptation. (Climate Change Adaptation Capacity)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Works Cited </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">"Climate Change Adaptation
Capacity." <i>WWF</i>. World Wildlife Fund, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Quammen, David. <i>The Song of the
Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions</i>. New York: Scribner,
1996. Print. </span></div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-163407427040289639.post-13331575600070530692013-01-16T13:36:00.001-08:002013-01-16T13:36:39.000-08:00The Start<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For as
long as I can remember I have been interested in the natural world. I grew up
hiking in the White Mountains. My parents introduced me to the wonderful world
of hiking and camping. It didn’t take long for me to develop a deep passion for
the wilderness. Day hikes turned into overnight hikes and multi-day camping
trips. Soon my friends and I were bagging 4000ft peaks on a regular basis.
Hiking and camping lead me to pursue mountain biking, canoeing, rock climbing,
and snowboarding. It didn’t take long for all my hobbies to revolve around
wilderness. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These
hobbies allowed me to explore wide tracts of natural places. At first I
appreciated the scenery provided by the trees, rugged mountain tops and
pristine waterways. Unfortunately I didn’t know much about the plants, animals,
mushrooms and microorganisms within these natural systems. At the University of
Vermont it seemed like an easy decision to pursue an environmentally related
major.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through these classes I began
learning about the birds, animals, mushrooms, and plants of the northeast. It
was this knowledge that led to an even greater appreciation of these amazing
places. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>While I
learned a lot about individual components of ecosystems it wasn’t until later
in college that I began receiving the bigger picture. The upper level classes
began laying the foundation for the bigger picture. I liked these classes
because they explained how important the relationships were between the
separate parts of the system. Before such classes it wasn’t clear why a certain
species was important. A bird may be pretty; however, I wondered how the
ecosystem would be altered without it. Initially I believed the bird to be
insignificant and only to play a small role in the ecosystem. After taking a
class entitled Eastern Wilderness my perspective was significantly changed.
Removal of small roles can result in cascading changes throughout the
ecosystem. I’ve studied the concept of Keystone predators in Yellowstone,
Colorado and a number of other places, which has allowed me to truly appreciate
the impacts that one species can have.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
addition to looking at systems in a larger perspective I have developed an
interest in GIS and the ability to model, manipulate and present data.
Ecosystem Ecology seemed to be the perfect fit to blend my interests. In this
class I hope to learn skills that allow me to effectively communicate and alter
policies. It will be exciting to further explore the modeling capabilities of
Dynamica. </div>
jpetterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01064339388411784307noreply@blogger.com0